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Golden Fleece Award
The Golden Fleece Award (1975–1988) was presented to those public officials in the United States who, the judges feel, waste public money. Its name is a tangential reference to the Order of the Golden Fleece and a play on the transitive verb ''to fleece'', as in charging excessively for goods or services. United States Senator William Proxmire, a Democrat from Wisconsin, began to issue the Golden Fleece Award in 1975 in monthly press releases.〔 ''The Washington Post'' once referred to the award as "the most successful public relations device in politics today." Robert Byrd, a Democratic Senator from West Virginia, referred to the award as being "as much a part of the Senate as quorum calls and filibusters."〔
==Award==
Proxmire issued the award monthly until 1988, when he retired from the Senate.〔 In total, he issued 168 Golden Fleece Awards.〔 Though some members of the United States House of Representatives asked Proxmire's permission to continue the award, he declined the requests, saying he might continue to issue the award as a private citizen.〔 Other organizations patterned their own "Golden Fleece Awards" after Proxmire's.〔 〕〔 〕 The Taxpayers for Common Sense, a nonpartisan federal budget watchdog organization, gave Proxmire their lifetime achievement award in 1999, and revived the Golden Fleece Award in 2000. Proxmire served as an honorary chairman of the organization.
One winner of the Golden Fleece Award, behavioral scientist Ronald Hutchinson, sued Proxmire for libel, requesting $8 million in damages, in 1976. Proxmire claimed that his statements about Hutchinson's research were protected by the Speech or Debate Clause of the United States Constitution. The Supreme Court of the United States ruled, in ''Hutchinson v. Proxmire'',〔, 61 L.Ed. 2d 411, 99 S.Ct. 2675 (1979).〕 that the protection of speech and debate of lawmakers in the Constitution did not shield Proxmire from liability for defamatory statements made outside of formal congressional proceedings. The case was later settled out of court. Proxmire continued to present the award following the suit.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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